Graphene oxide toxicity. Synthesis and Toxicity of Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles: A.

Graphene oxide toxicity , 2010). GO was prepared by modified Hummers method and well characterized before use. , 2017). , 2016; Chen et al. Robust commercialization and widespread Graphene and its oxide are nanomaterials considered currently to be very promising because of their great potential applications in various industries. There were many general assertions by the graphene researchers saying or implying that graphene is not a risk, neither to humans nor to the This study aimed to assess the toxicity of graphene oxide (GO) and carboxyl graphene (CXYG) nanoplatelets to non-mammalian species using the fish cell line PLHC-1 as in vitro model. Luo, Y. 7 Corpus ID: 137123735; Biodistribution and pulmonary toxicity of intratracheally instilled graphene oxide in mice @article{Li2013BiodistributionAP, After more than a decade of studying the ecotoxicity of graphene oxide nanomaterials (nGOs), it has been concluded that there is limited information available DOI: 10. The biomedical application of GO is a relatively new but promising area (Wang et al. , 2015). demonstrated that lactobionic acid functionalized graphene oxide (LA-GO), graphene oxide-polyethylene glycol (GO-PEG), lactobionic acid-polyethylene glycol functionalized graphene oxide (LA-PEG-GO), and graphene oxide-polyethylene imine (GO-PEI) has less toxicity and cause low damage in the human lung fibroblast cells [63]. The purpose of our work is to make assessment on the toxicity of graphene oxide (GO) against human cell line To investigate the chronic toxicity of graphene oxide (GO) and its functionalized products (GO-carboxyl, GO-imidazole and GO-polyethylene glycol), a two-generation study was conducted using the aquatic model species Daphnia magna. To determine which chemical fragments of GO are responsible for this toxicity, GOs containing variable redox-active groups on a, b Summary of the interviewed graphene researchers’ and innovation advisors’ two most widely voiced primary ideas about graphene risks (encircled) and the rationales provided (at the start of the arrows). , 2017; Zhu et al. 1038/AM. However, extensive research reveals a dichotomy concerning the potential toxicity of GQDs Our graphene oxide (GO) has been tested against toxicity standards, has successfully passed all tests and has been declared non-toxic. hydroxyl, epoxy, and carboxylic acid groups) on its basal planes and edges (Chen et al. Books. However, graphene oxide reveals toxicity to some cell lines through an unidentified mechanism. In addition, we studied the effects of this nanomaterial on behavior by administering GO intraperitoneally to Graphene and its oxidized form, graphene oxide (GO), are carbon-based nanomaterials with several applications in the last decade due to their remarkable physicochemical properties. info_outlined. Even though the awareness of graphene oxide’s potential ecotoxicity has been raised in recent years, there is still lack of studies dealing with the interaction of GO with the aquatic crustaceans, which represent an essential component of freshwater food web (Freixa et al. Herein, we performed a comprehensive study on the toxicity of graphene oxide (GO) by examining the influences of GO on the morphology, viability, mortality and membrane integrity of A549 cells. The results of these studies suggest that graphene nanostructures such as graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide, have the capacity to induce toxicity in mammals both as a function of their chemistry, by inducing oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, and as a result of their aggregation causing physical blockages [40]. Graphene While two-dimensional graphene oxide (GO) is used increasingly in biomedical applications, there is uncertainty on how specific physicochemical properties relate to biocompatibility in Graphene is an atomically-thin, 2-dimensional (2D) sheet of sp 2 carbon atoms in a honeycomb structure. Since the first isolation in 2004, 1 graphene and its derivatives have brought tremendous improvement and development in diverse fields, such as nanoelectronics, catalysis and nanomedicine due to their exceptional mechanical, electronic, optical and catalytic properties. , 2018; Sharma et al. Nanoscale graphene oxide (NGO) consists of oxidized graphene sheets with abundant functional groups on their surface that make NGO soluble in water and provide opportunities for chemical modification. A significant dose- and time- dependent decrease in cell viability and an increase of early and late apoptotic cells was observed using MTT assay . coli. , 2023; Tufail et al. The most striking difference between GO and graphene is that GO contains oxygen-rich functional Graphene oxide, a derivative of graphene, has recently emerged as a promising nanomaterial in the biomedical field due to its unique properties. Cells treated with vanillin-functionalized graphene oxide exhibited higher oxidative stress and toxicity compared to those treated with graphene oxide alone. Graphene oxide (GO) is often considered an intermediate in the synthesis of graphene. View in Scopus Google Scholar. 2013). Herein, we used W 1118 flies as a model organism to study GO toxicity at relatively low concentrations. Currently, the mechanism of the toxic action of GO remains incompletely understood. However, there are still some toxicity studies that have raised Graphene oxide (GO) and graphene-based materials (GBMs) have gained over the last two decades considerable attention due to their intrinsic physicochemical properties and their applications. Graphene oxide (GO) has emerged as a promising nanomaterial with physicochemical properties that make it a candidate for a wide range of applications. 62 Carbon nanotubes were also reported to be toxic to microorganisms from activated sludge. This review describes the most recent reports on the toxicological activity of GFNs both in vitro and in vivo. [7] He reported synthesis of "paper-like foils" with 0. In this study, porous graphene oxide 1. , 2020b). K. Among all GNPs, graphene oxide (GO) has been one of the most widely investigated antimicrobial agents. , 2004), graphene and its derivatives have attracted increasing research attention (Brumfiel, 2009; Zhao et al. Due to their cost-effectiveness and ease of processing, graphene We will demonstrate an analysis of the toxicity of two forms of graphene using four various biological models: zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo, duckweed (Lemna minor), human HS-5 cells and bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus). There are many areas that still need exploration before Developmental toxicity is a critical issue in nanotoxicity. , 2010, Cheng et al. Serious toxicity of GO was only observed in Graphene oxide (GO) exposure may cause damage to C. Graphene oxide (GO) is a graphene derivative used for numerous applications in which biomedical uses are significant. In this study, we report that kaolin nanoclay significantly alleviates the toxicity of graphene oxide in aqueous environments. Nevertheless, information about their interaction at the cellular level in fish is still scarce. , 200 (2011), pp. Thus, methods and agents reducing the toxicity of graphene oxide can widen its practical application. To assess potential toxicity of graphene and 2D materials relevant Combined toxicity is a critical issue in risk assessment of contaminants. (2012) Graphene, along with its derivatives are grouped under the title graphene-family nanomaterials (GFNs). It has been shown to have many desirable properties such as high Given the increasing potential of graphene oxide entering marine environments, it is imperative to assess the risks of GO on marine ecosystem, including its direct toxicity to Aim: The cytotoxic effects of graphene oxide nanoparticles (GONPs) using MTT assays, observance of apoptotic markers, and oxidative stress were outlined. Moreover, due to the expanding appli Usually, graphene synthesis is performed by two approaches: top-down and bottom-up. Graphene oxide possess extraordinary physical, chemical, optical, electrical and mechanical The toxicity of graphene by combination with Mytilus galloprovincialis hemocytes (TPP), an organophosphorus flame retardant commonly found in environment, has been studied by Meng and colleagues [206]. , mechanical strength) of conventional hydrogels and/or develop Several reports of graphene oxide (GO) promoting plant growth have sparked interest in its potential applications in agroforestry. On one hand, the top-down method consists in exfoliating one graphene layer from a graphitic material by interrupting the weak van der Waals forces binding the graphene sheets together [20]. Skip to Main In this study, we compared the toxicity of graphene oxide (GO) to naked oats (Avena sativa L. Graphene and its derivatives are promising candidates for important biomedical applications because of their versatility. " The post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on Graphene and graphene oxide have shown good antibacterial activity against different bacterial species due to their unique physicochemical properties. 2018 , 234 , 953–959. (2020) It was reported that the global graphene product However, toxicity to the environment and animal health has been reported, raising concerns about their utilization. , 2009; Joshi et al. Zhang D, Zhang Z, Wu Y, Fu K, Chen Y, Li To tackle the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms without relying on antibiotics, innovative materials boasting antimicrobial properties have been engineered. , 2024). that necessarily requires a thorough investigation of their biocompatibility as well as a thorough understanding of their cellular interactions by in vivo study. DOI: 10. Graphene oxide (GO), a derivative of graphene, has oxygen-containing groups, including hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups and other groups (Gao, 2015; Stankovich Potential toxicity of graphene (oxide) quantum dots via directly covering the active site of anterior gradient homolog 2 protein Yuqi Luo1*, Zonglin Gu2, Hailiang Chen1 & Yaoxing Huang1,3* Graphene Oxide Attenuates Toxicity of Amyloid‐β Aggregates in Yeast by Promoting Disassembly and Boosting Cellular Stress Response. A. , 2017, Ren and Cheng, 2014). , 2010), GO has been applied in a number of Graphene oxide (orange) can effectively enter yeast cells and reduce the toxicity of harmful protein aggregates (light grey), by promoting disassembly and then degradation of the aggregates. Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO), due to their large active surface areas, low toxicity, and high photostability [18,19]. Among all the graphene-based materials, graphene oxide (GO) is a key intermediate product for the preparation of other graphene-based materials and is therefore used Background Graphene oxide (GO) is a highly oxidized graphene form with oxygen functional groups on its surface. The toxicity of pristine graphene (PG) and graphene oxide (GO) was tested at concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 µg/mL. Toxicology Research, 7 (2018), pp. doi: 10. Halima Gamrani, 3. Advanced Functional Materials , 2023; DOI: 10. The present study aimed to elucidate the short term biodistribution of nano sized graphene oxide (GO) along with the toxicological assessment under in-vivo condition with an intent to analyse the toxic effects of sudden accidental exposure of GO The synthesised GO was characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, TGA As a two-dimensional carbon sheet of single-atom thickness, graphene has received much attention due to its outstanding mechanical, thermal, chemical and optical properties. In this context, reduced graphene oxide (RGO), a form of graphene, produced by reduction of graphene oxide which contains many functional groups and defects, offers great potential as it is easy and cheap to produce in large scale most reports on graphene based toxic gas sensors are based on measurements in dry air or in vacuum. Doudrick et al. , 2011, Wang et al. The exceptional physiochemical properties of graphene, 1. Among GFNs, graphene (G) and graphene oxide (GO) are well-known ideal nanomaterials, frequently used Graphene oxide nanoparticles (GONPs) have attracted a lot of attention due to their many applications. 2011;200(3):201–210. Understanding how this nanocomposite interacts with cells is a toxicological Two-dimension graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets with high and low serum protein binding profiles (high/low hard-bound protein corona/HC high/low ) are used in this study as model materials and screening tools to investigate the underlying roles of the protein corona on nanomaterial toxicities Graphene possesses unique physical and chemical properties, which have inspired a wide range of potential biomedical applications. However, a deep understanding of the GO biosafety lags its wide applications. While its potential benefits are vast, concerns regarding its toxicity have persisted. investigated graphene with a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area of 264 m 2 g −1 as an anodic catalyst of microbial fuel cells based on E. Toxicity in internal organs. Graphene nanomaterials have many diverse applications, but are considered to be emerging environmental pollutants. magna in the complex exposure with Cu, a 48 h acute immobilization test of GN and GO with D. Feng et al. Graphene oxide (GO) is one of the frequently used graphene family nanomaterials (GFNs) with abundant applications in water treatment, biochemical sensing, energy storage, and so on, owing to its outstanding mechanical and thermal properties (Park et al. GO is an excellent platform to support and stabilize silver nanoparticles (AgNP), which gives rise to the graphene oxide-silver nanoparticle (GOAg) nanocomposite. 0 g of NaNO 3 were added to 46 ml Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have garnered significant attention, particularly in the biomedical domain. , 2024; Singh et al. Biomaterials The toxicity of graphene oxide affected by algal physiological characteristics: A comparative study in cyanobacterial, green algae, diatom. It has been observed that superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Here, we review the existing literature on the genotoxic potential of GBMs over the last ten years. Besides, a lot of concern regarding the potential toxicity of GBMs has emerged. GO is an excellent platform to support and stabilize silver Graphene Oxide Nanoribbons Exhibit Significantly Greater Toxicity Than Graphene Oxide Nanoplatelets Elaine Lay Khim Chng,a Chun Kiang Chuaa and Martin Pumera*a Received (in 1. Toxicol Lett. Doudrick, P. However, very little is known about the effects of graphene oxide (GO, a widely used carbon material) at predicted In this chapter we will discuss first the toxicity of GO toward cells and in vivo as well as its mechanism, and then describe its representative biomedical applications. & Ramezanzadeh, B. Detection of carbon nanotubes in environmental matrices using programmed thermal analysis. GOs can be prepared by the top-down or bottom-up approach, which leads to Toxicity of graphene oxide and multi-walled carbon nanotubes against human cells and zebrafish. These studies have researched the effects of the nanostructural/biological interactions on different organizational levels of the living system, from biomolecules to animals. Graphene-based nanomaterials (NMs), such as graphene oxide (GO), are widely used 2D materials with applications from environmental protection (François et al. Skip to Main Content. This review (with 239 refs. 8–11 Among the various graphene forms, graphene oxide (GO) contains multifunctional groups, such as carboxyl, epoxy, ketone, and hydroxyl groups, in its basal and Graphene oxide nanoparticles (GONPs) have attracted a lot of attention due to their many applications. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar A new study has discovered ways to reduce the toxicity of graphene oxide (GO), an ultra-thin sheet of nanomaterial derived from graphite, laying the groundwork to use it as a drug delivery system. , 260 (2020), Article 113847. During the use, manufacture and disposal, GO was inevitably released to the Here, we compare the toxicity of differently oxidized graphene oxide systems towards the green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata and the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus. Notably, these studies were performed on mice, but graphene oxide specifically showed no obvious toxicity at low doses or middle doses from . 2022. In Globally, the demand for materials with high ultrafast charge rates yet slow discharge continues to rise which has resulted in extensive research into supercapacitors. (2020) E. 202304053 Samples synthesis Synthesis of Graphene oxide (GO) Graphene oxide (GO) was produced by modifying Hummers’ technique 42. The role of the lateral dimension of graphene oxide in the regulation of cellular responses. al. Therefore, graphene toxicity becomes a In this paper, the physiological and transcriptomic changes of buckwheat (Fagopyrum spp. View PDF View article View in Scopus Google Scholar. GO typically contains both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions. , 2012. 2011;200:201–210. Bioaccumulation and toxicity evaluations in plants are essential for biosafety assessment. This Background Graphene oxide (GO) is a highly oxidized graphene form with oxygen functional groups on its surface. , 2016. Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology have developed a yeast model, which mimics the neurons in a human brain affected by Alzheimer’s disease, to demonstrate this. Kim The long wavelength absorbing photosensitizer (PS) is important in allowing deeper penetration of near-infrared light into tumor tissue for photodynamic therapy (PDT). 1016/j. Graphene is divided into graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide. This chapter discusses toxicity concerns, advantages, and disadvantages of GO, as well as its applications as biosensors and its effectiveness against bacteria, viruses (including COVID-19), and recent research developments. Environ. A significant dose- and time-dependent decrease in cell viability and an increase in the number of early and late apoptotic cells was observed using MTT assay [62] . Physico-chemical properties based differential toxicity of graphene oxide/reduced graphene oxide in human lung cells mediated through oxidative stress. This review reveals the toxicity of graphene in vitro, in vivo models along with the environmental toxicity. Each generation of daphnids were exposed for 21 days to 1. To identify the physicochemical determinants of GO’s antimicrobial activity, we generated different modified Hummer’s GO materials thermally annealed at 200, 500, or 800 °C (TGO200, TGO500, and TGO800, respectively) to modify the surface oxygen groups on the material. ). 0 g of graphite flakes and 2. Graphene oxide (GO) has been extensively explored as a promising nanomaterial for applications in biology because of its unique properties. Plastic is a widespread pollutant, and its breakdown products such as nanoplastics Graphene oxide (GO) is a dominant derivative of graphene decorated with various functional groups (e. A total of 50 articles including in vitro, in vivo, in silico, and human biomonitoring studies were The mass production of graphene oxide (GO) unavoidably elevates the chance of human exposure, as well as the possibility of release into the environment with high stability, This review discusses recent results based on in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity and genotoxicity studies of graphene-related materials and critically examines the methodologies employed to evaluate their toxicities. investigated the toxicity of graphene oxide using normal human lung cells (BEAS-2B) after 24 and 48 hours of exposure at concentrations between 10–100 µg/ml. GO or its composites are found to be toxic to various biological species and as also discussed in this review. magna was performed. toxlet. Also, we rely on the toxicity In general, the severity of this nanomaterial’s toxic effects varies according to the administration route, the dose to be administered, the method of GO synthesis, and its However, toxicity to the environment and animal health has been reported, raising concerns about their utilization. The graphene oxide Guilty as charged: The biomedicinal application of graphene oxide (GO) is limited by its cytotoxicity and mutagenicity. Felts, Giulia Galli Graphene oxide (GO) is a nanomaterial with immense potential in the field of antibacterial and antiviral applications. In this situation the scientific community as well as the general public must get awareness about the reduction of Vallabani et. Sci China Chem. Thus, its potential environmental risks and biosafety are receiving increased attention. Graphene oxide (orange) can effectively enter yeast cells and reduce the toxicity of harmful protein aggregates (light grey), by promoting disassembly and then degradation of the aggregates. A 2016 study showed that graphene-base materials (like graphene oxide) might cause dose-dependent toxicity, decreased cell viability, formations of lung granuloma, and cell apoptosis. The increasing exploitation of graphene-based materials (GBMs) necessitates a comprehensive evaluation of the potential impact of these materials on human health and the environment. Graphene Oxide Attenuates Toxicity of Amyloid-β Aggregates in Yeast by Promoting Disassembly and Boosting Cellular Stress Response. GO is among the most studied GBMs due to its high dispersibility, particularly in water, and its easy access in large quantities obtained from graphite. graphene; blue, graphene oxide. Author links open overlay panel Ruisong Lan a b c, Lihua Liu DOI: 10. Thus, their potential environmental risks and biosafety are receiving increased attention. Materials & Graphene is a carbon material in which carbon atoms are strongly stacked in a single layer of two-dimensional honeycomb structure, connected with sp 2 hybridization. , 2019; Loh et al. Asmaa Rhazouani, 1,2,3. 2010. This study evaluated long-term performance of graphene oxide (GO) and magnetic GO (MGO) nanosheets in semi-continuous-flow anaerobic digestion (AD) of municipal sludge This detailed mechanistic approach showed that graphene oxide exposure elicits significant decreases in mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP synthesis, as well as in The efficiency of graphene oxide functionalized with L-asparagine (GO@L-Asn) as adsorbent for crystal violet (CV) dye removal from water and wastewater was investigated. In this study, we compared the impact of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on biofilm formation and development in Luria-Bertani (LB) medium using Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aur The first step in synthesizing 3D graphene is the preparation of graphene oxide (GO). Zhang et al. The cyanobacterium exhibited higher GO sensitivity and more rapid growth inhibition than the alga, in keeping with the established antibacterial properties of GO. magna and select a safe concentration of GN and GO for the D. Vanillin-functionalized graphene oxide and graphene oxide triggered strong inflammatory responses in THP-1 cells by stimulating the secretion of various chemokines and cytokines. 1155/2021/5518999 Corpus ID: 235707231; Synthesis and Toxicity of Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles: A Literature Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies @article{Rhazouani2021SynthesisAT, title={Synthesis and Toxicity of Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles: A Literature Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies}, author={Asmaa Rhazouani A double-blind, randomized, controlled human exposure trial of highly purified and thin nanometre-sized graphene oxide nanosheets shows that acute inhalation of aerosolized nanoparticles is not Graphene, a two-dimensional allotrope of carbon, has gained popularity in daily life because of its high electron mobility and mechanical strength [1]. The most common form of graphene in biological science is graphene oxide (GO), which is also the only graphene family of nanomaterials. , 2012; Chatterjee et al. elegans. , 2018). , 2017; Kim et al. Top-down synthesis of graphene is achieved by micromechanical and Bacterial toxicity of graphene nanosheets in the form of graphene nanowalls deposited on stainless steel substrates was investigated for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative models of bacteria. The present study established that the development of zebrafish embryos exposed to trace Oxidized derivatives of 2D graphene sheets, i. As a representative two-dimensional (2D) soft nanomaterial, graphene oxide (GO) has shown to have high potential for applications in the biomedical field, including in biosensing, drug delivery, tissue engineering, therapeutics, etc. e. , graphene oxide (GO)) have been incorporated into hydrogels to improve the properties (e. These revelations were made with relatively large doses of graphene oxide, at ppm or higher, so they are not representative of real conditions which are generally in the ppb or ppt range (µg/L to Abstract. Therefore, systematic investigation of GO toxicity is essential to determine its fate in the environment and potential adverse effects. Despite the growing amount of animal toxicity data, there A mechanism study on toxicity of graphene oxide to Daphnia magna: Direct link between bioaccumulation and oxidative stress. Rep. layer graphene, few-layer graphene (FLG), graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), graphene nano-sheets (GNS), and graphene nanoribbons, etc. Sci. In vitro toxicity evaluation of graphene oxide on A549 cells. Graphene oxide (GO) is a two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial comprising single-layer sheets of sp 2 hybridized carbons, sites of sp 3 hybridized carbons, and oxygenated groups, obtained from the oxidation and exfoliation of graphite []. However, little is known about the adverse effects of graphene on the human body and ecological environment. The results suggest that GO does not graphene; blue, graphene oxide. , 2018a, 2018b, 2020; The interest in graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) application in nanomedicine, in particular in neurology, steadily increased in the last decades. However, very little is known about the joint effects of graphene oxide (GO, a crucial 2-dimensional carbon material) and hexavalent chromium (Cr 6+, a widespread heavy metal), particularly with respect to the critical period of embryogenesis. Note th at a number of other graphene-related materia ls (such as graphene quantum dots and graph ene nanoribbons) are also being used in experimen ts. The advantages of graphene toxicity in bacterial cells and cancer cells Graphene-based nanomaterials could cause in vivo and in vitro toxicity in animals, plants, and microorganisms, associated with their ability to invade through cellular structures or barriers by several exposure approaches and GO or its composites are found to be toxic to various biological species and as also discussed in this review. Literature reports indicate the possibility of using nano-Ag 2 O in the treatment of venous ulceration. This is particularly true for a nanomaterial as widely used as graphene oxide (GO), which is utilized as films for electronics, membranes for filtration, drug carriers and more. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, graphene oxide (GO), a highly oxidized form of graphene, has been widely used in many fields, such as materials and medical industries (Wang et al. Very few examples of these studies can be found in the literature for graphene oxide (GO), 61 where some concentration-dependent toxicity was reported, and graphene nanoplatelets. 6, 39548; Graphene oxide–metal oxide composites, syntheses, and applications in water purification. 016. Microplastics with different functional groups modulate cellular and molecular mechanisms of reduced graphene oxide toxicity on the green microalga, Scenedesmus obliquus. 1002/adfm. The results demonstrated that GO prevented soil water from evaporating due to its Graphene oxide (GO) is the single-layer oxidized form of graphene, where the carbon lattice of graphene is doped with oxygen-containing groups such as hydroxyls, epoxides, and carboxylates. Xin Chen graphene oxide (GO) nanoflakes have attracted significant attention in biomedical areas due to their capacity of suppressing Aβ aggregation in vitro. Journals. In this study, GO toxicity, and its dependence on oxidation level, elemental composition, and size, were comprehensively assessed. In this In vitro toxicity evaluation of graphene oxide on A549 cells. 200:201–210. GO has been shown to Graphene and its derivatives are heralded as “miracle” materials with manifold applications in different sectors of society from electronics to energy storage to medicine. We employed the Paramecium caudatum Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) are both widely applicable and there is a massive production throughout the world which imply in inevitable contamination in the aquatic environment by their wastes. Nodes are locations in the document that facilitate reading from beginning to end. Graphene oxide (GO) is one of the most popular and representative carbon nanomaterials; scientists have great research interest in it. Yue H, Wei W, Yue Z, et al. 2011) and graphene oxide toxicity to bacteria (Wang et al. 114289 Corpus ID: 253504825; Complementary protective effects of autophagy and oxidative response against graphene oxide toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Plating The use of carbon‐based nanomaterials (CNMs) such as multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), graphene, and graphene oxide (GO) is increasing acro. Graphene, a carbon-based nanomaterial, has emerged as a prominent and extensively investigated material due to its remarkable properties and numerous derivatives (Mortimer et al. Since then, the technology of Several reports of graphene oxide (GO) promoting plant growth have sparked interest in its potential applications in agroforestry. Moreover, GO has better water solubility than The homoaggregation of GO can be dependent on its concentration and the shaking time, which may have a great effect on the toxicity. However, for this application, the security of GO is doubtful. In this work, we synthesized this nanoparticle to assess its toxicity in male mice. The mechanism of this beneficial effect has not Modifying the oxidation level of graphene to control its oxide channels results in a 0. Elam, Alanna M. With the exceptional physiochemical properties inherited from graphene frameworks and functional groups (Dreyer et al. Pollut. , Gu, Z. However, few studies have investigated the effects of these nanoparticles on the immune system. investigated the toxicity of graphene oxide using normal human lung cells (BEAS-2B) after 24 and 48 h of exposure at concentrations between 10 and 100 μg/ml. Pristine Graphene and GO Lack Toxicity and Trigger the Release of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines by Pig Immune Cells. Graphene oxide (GO) is considered to be an emerging environmental pollutant with its inevitable release into the environment. These applications include batteries, super capacitors, drug delivery and biosensing. Kim et al. In vitro methods use isolated cells or tissues to evaluate the cytotoxicity, 13 August 2024. [Google Scholar] 165. Protein reduces toxicity of drug-delivery material made of graphite. Its potential as a nanocarrier in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease represents a significant advancement. Extremely thin carbon foils were predicted over more than 50 years ago [] and the term of “graphene” was first introduced in 1987 [] but true graphene was only created by Novoselov et al. There are several studies investigating the possible ecotoxicity of GO towards Graphene, a two-dimensional carbon sheet with single-atom thickness, shows immense promise in several nanoscientific and nanotechnological applications, including in sensors, catalysis, and biomedicine. ) in hydroponic and soil cultures. Unraveling stress-induced toxicity properties of graphene oxide and the underlying mechanism The accidental or intentional exposure of the environment including plants, ecosystem, and humans toward graphene is gradually increasing. 1 to . 11. Vallabani et al. 6, 39548. , 2016, Brausch et al. 0 mg L −1 graphene material, with body length, neonate number, Toxicity of a polymer–graphene oxide composite against bacterial planktonic cells, (PVK)–graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite (PVK–GO), which contains only 3 wt% of GO well-dispersed in a 97 wt% PVK matrix, presents excellent antibacterial properties without significant cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. With the wide production and applications of graphene and its derivatives, their toxicity to the environment has received much attention nowadays. , 2017; Spitz Steinberg et al. Oral gavage experiments did not show detectable absorption of GO through the gastrointestinal tract []. Although the current supercapacitors can meet such demands, the high processing cost coupled with the use of toxic chemicals remains a major concern. Studies using immune depressed or diseased models are still lacking, particularly for in vivo and repeated-dose administrations. PEGylation of reduced graphene oxide induces toxicity in cells of the blood Graphene family nanomaterials (GFNs) have enormous applications in fields of nanotechnology and biomedicine for their biocompatibility and excellent physicochemical properties (Feng and Liu, 2011; Geim and Novoselov, 2007; Yang et al. GBNs peculiar Recently, graphene and graphene-related materials have attracted a great deal of attention due their unique physical, chemical, and biocompatibility properties and to their applications in A new study has discovered ways to reduce the toxicity of graphene oxide (GO), an ultra-thin sheet of nanomaterial derived from graphite, laying the groundwork to use it as a In vitro toxicity evaluation of graphene oxide on A549 cells. The present study addresses the bioaccumulation and toxicity seen in Daphnia magna exposed to CNMs dispersed in sodium dodecyl The mass production of graphene oxide (GO) unavoidably elevates the chance of human exposure, as well as the possibility of release into the environment with high stability, raising public concern as to its potential toxicological risks and the implications for humans and ecosystems. , 2016, Chen et al. Also discussed are the effects of GFN functionalization on diminishing their toxic interaction with cells, and the potential mechanisms for GFNs-induced The potential impacts of sulfonated graphene oxide (SGO, modified with the sulfonic group) on metabolic processes and biological pathways are unanswered questions concerning NO3− or NH4+ toxicity. Obviously, higher Graphene Oxide toxicity affects not only undifferentiated cells, but also mature macrophages. Graphene is a two-dimensional one-atom thick layer of carbon packed into a honeycomb-like structure [1, 2]. The testing methods for assessing the toxicity of graphene oxide can be divided into two types: in vitro and in vivo. This abstract outlines a Graphene oxide (GO) has attracted much attention in the past few years because of its interesting and promising electrical, thermal, mechanical, and structural properties. Similar toxicity mechanisms between graphene oxide and oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes in Microcystis aeruginosa. It has been suggested that shading effect and oxidative stress could be the leading factors responsible for observed graphene oxide toxicity. A new publication has discovered improvements that reduce the toxicity of graphene oxide (GO), making it a more viable nanomaterial for delivering medical drugs. Comparative study on the effects of ultrathin luminescent graphene oxide quantum dot (GOQD) and graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets on the interfacial interactions and . Lett. de Pablo, James Dombrowski, Jeffrey W. Graphene oxide (GO) is a promising carbon nanomaterial with unique physicochemical properties and has been applied in biology, biomedicine, agriculture, and environmental protection (Ali et al. Graphene and its derivatives (for example, nanoscale graphene oxide (NGO)) have emerged as extremely attractive nanomaterials for a wide range of applications, including diagnostics and therapeutics. Khalid Aziz, 5. GO plays an important role in drug delivery, tissue engineering, biomedical imaging and diagnosing of human diseases due to its distinctive physicochemical Graphene oxide (orange) can effectively enter yeast cells and reduce the toxicity of harmful protein aggregates (light grey), by promoting disassembly and then degradation of the aggregates. 25 mg. Due to the unique chemical and physical properties, graphene-based nanomaterials are increasingly being introduced into various scientific fields. The chemistry behind this was that the metformin hydrochloride swiftly cross-linked the graphene oxide sheets by gentle mixing, due to strong hydrogen bonding and other electrostatic interactions as this drug lack the aromatic rings thus there was no π- π Given the increasing potential of graphene oxide entering marine environments, it is imperative to assess the risks of GO on marine ecosystem, including its direct toxicity to marine organisms and indirect toxicity brought by co-existing aquatic pollutants, as a result of the remarkable adsorption capacity of GO. 2 Graphene Oxide. [4–7]. De Hoe, Joan Manuel Montes De Oca, Juan J. , 2014; Georgakilas et al. 93-101. In this study, Impact of graphene based material (GNMs) on bacteria biofilm has not been well understood yet. The biological effects of graphene oxide (GO) have been extensively investigated, Chang Y, Yang ST, Liu JH, Dong E, Wang Y, Cao A, Liu Y and Wang H: In vitro toxicity evaluation of graphene oxide on A549 cells. M. & Ghaderi, E. C. , Perez-Aguilar, J. 2011. 1 – 5 As a nascent nanomaterial, NGO exhibits unique size, shape, and physicochemical properties that make it a promising biomaterial for Graphene oxide is the most versatile form of Graphite in structural and functional configuration. In this study, the combined toxicity of GO and Cr 6+ was Graphene oxide (GO) and analogous materials can potentially be used in a number of biomedical applications as drug carriers, reagents for novel therapies (for example, photothermal or photodynamic therapy) and fluorescence quenchers for the highly sensitive detection of biomolecules both in cell-free settings and in live cells. Potential toxicity of Graphene (Oxide) quantum dots to human intestinal fatty acid binding protein (HIFABP) via obstructing the protein’s openings. Hence, the aggregation and sedimentation of various concentrations of GO in different water samples were firstly evaluated as a function of shaking time (Figs. Cruces et al. Kiran Aftab, Zia Ur Rehman, in Metal Oxide-Carbon Hybrid Materials, 2022. ) root under 100 mg/L graphene oxide (GO) with different diameters were The use of carbon‐based nanomaterials (CNMs) such as multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), graphene, and graphene oxide (GO) is increasing acro. In this study, 13C-stable isotope labeling of the carbon skeleton of The toxicity of graphene oxide affected by algal physiological characteristics: a comparative study in cyanobacterial, green algae, diatom. Girão et al. 2012;55(10):2016–2209. However, graphene oxide (GO), To understand the toxicity of graphene materials to D. Interesting, a low dose of GO caused serious damage to the gastrointestinal tract after Understanding the final fate of nanomaterials (NMs) in the liver is crucial for their safer application. 1 and S1 in the Supporting information). Using Artemia salina as an experimental model, the potential risks of graphene oxide (GO) to marine ecosystems were investigated. , 2017. In 1957 Hummers and Offeman developed a safer, quicker, and more efficient process called Hummers' method, using a mixture of sulfuric acid H Graphene oxide, the post continues, "is toxic to the human body and causes a number of problems. ecoenv. GO is one of the most vital chemical graphene derivatives of the graphene-family nanomaterials (GFNs), which attracts increasing attention for its potential biomedical applications. , 2014). g. The toxicological effects of graphene oxide on C. Graphene Oxide effect on Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival was evaluated in ex vivo pre-stimulated human PBMC infection model to determine if GO toxicity is restricted to undifferentiated monocytes. 05 mm thickness. Given the numerous potential applications of graphene oxide (GO) and its consequent release into the environment, this study was carried out to assess the toxic effects of GO on Artemia franciscana, a well-established model organism for marine ecotoxicological studies. In this study, the environmental levels of GO NPs are addressed to examine whether GO leads to adverse effects on an in-vivo model of To assess chronic toxicity of graphene and 2D materials protocols for repeated-dose studies should be considered. Since first being isolated in 2004 (Novoselov et al. Karimi, B. Edward Barry, Raelyn Burns, Wei Chen, Guilhem X. The risk of graphene oxide (GO) exposure to various species has been greatly amplified in recent years due to its booming production and applications in various fields. ACS Nano 4 (10), 5731–5736 (2010). Graphene is a honeycomb-like lattice consisting of sp 2-hybridized carbon atoms that are connected to three neighbouring carbon atoms through σ-bonds (Georgakilas et al. RECOMMENDATION 6. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the in vitro toxicity of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and graphene oxide (GO) in the human intestinal Caco-2 cell line. The amount of 1 mg CNT was added to the homogenous aqueous solution of GO (1:40, v/v), followed by the addition of 10 µl hydrazine. Request PDF | Accumulation and toxicity of intravenously-injected functionalized graphene oxide in mice | Graphene and its functionalized derivatives have recently emerged as interesting Systematic toxicity investigation of graphene oxide: Evaluation of assay selection, cell type, exposure period and flake size. Author links open overlay panel Xibo Lu a, Qi Yu b, Seyed Ali Reduced graphene oxide (RGO), a specialized derivative of GNMs, undergoes a reduction process Wang et al. This review focuses primarily on the synthesis methods of graphene-based materials already developed and the unique properties that make them so interesting for different applications. 63,64 However, this is, to the best of our knowledge, the first study of the effect of protein-stabilized In this work, graphene oxide formed a hydrogel with metformin, which acts as a crosslinker under mild conditions. First synthesized by British chemist B. 7 Corpus ID: 137123735; Biodistribution and pulmonary toxicity of intratracheally instilled graphene oxide in mice @article{Li2013BiodistributionAP, title={Biodistribution and pulmonary toxicity of intratracheally instilled graphene oxide in mice}, author={Bo Li and Jianzhong（杨建忠） Yang and Qing Huang and Yi Zhang and Cheng Abstract. CONCLUSION 6. To this end, Hummer's method [33, 34] was slightly modified, as it has been explained in our previous study [35]. It is verified that graphene oxide nano-walls (GONWs), Graphene nanomaterials have many diverse applications, but are considered to be emerging environmental pollutants. franciscana stage I nauplii or adults were exposed to GO (1–100 μg mL −1) up to 72 h, which ABSTRACT Carbon-based engineered nanomaterials, such as graphene oxide nanoparticles (GO NPs), are widely available for application, but their potentially adverse health effects on humans still require investigation. A newly established quantitative Developmental toxicity is a critical issue in nanotoxicity. , 2004, Dreyer et al. Graphene oxide nanoparticles induce oxidative stress, pulmonary injury and reproductive malformations and were found to be cytotoxic and genotoxic. Advertisement. Brodie in 1859 by treating graphite with a mixture of potassium chlorate and fuming nitric acid. 3 nm gap between layers in pure graphene membranes, compared to 0. Reports indicate that the market projections for graphene-based products will reach $675 million by 2020 [20]. , 2012a). in 2004 []. Toxicol. Similarly, graphene oxide This review brings together studies on the method of synthesis and structure of GO, characterization techniques, and physicochemical properties. Following an introduction into the field, a first large section covers the toxicity of graphene and DOI: 10. A suitable The use of carbon‐based nanomaterials (CNMs) such as multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), graphene, and graphene oxide (GO) is increasing acro. Graphene is a carbon material in which carbon atoms are strongly stacked in a single layer of two-dimensional honeycomb structure, connected with sp 2 hybridization. Graphene oxide, a derivative of graphene, is a carbon nanomaterial composed of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal network [2]. Skip to To date, there are limited clinical data and no epidemiological research available to assess graphene toxicity in humans. This review focuses primarily on the synthesis methods of There have been many interesting and tricky results from many researchers conducted worldwide as to its toxicity. Mounir El Achaby, 4. Synthesis and Toxicity of Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles: A. Graphene family materials, including graphene oxide (GO), hold promise for numerous applications due to their unique electronic properties. In the current study, an in-depth investigation for the understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 inactivation Toxicity profiles of the 5 studied graphene oxides (GOs) in terms of the 5 stress categories and the total protein expression level index (PELI): (A) untreated control GO; (B) GO treated with 96 h The primary goal of this study is to harness the synergistic antibacterial properties of thermally reduced graphene oxide (TRGO) and ZnO while addressing potential toxicity concerns associated The novel 2-D material graphene has advantages in mechanical, thermal and electrical properties and is used in wearable sensors and implantable devices whereas the research and development of the oxidized form graphene oxide is used for cancer treatment, drug delivery, vaccine development, ultra-low concentration diagnostics, eradication of microbial Properties of graphene oxide-based nanomaterials Surface properties. Graphite oxide was first prepared by Oxford chemist Benjamin C. Abstract. Compared to graphene, GO has a larger surface area, a lower cost, and is easier to manufacture (Novoselov et al. However, the potential toxicity of GO is a significant threat that must be addressed before GO’s safe use in biomedical and environmental applications can fully be realized. Graphene oxide (GO) has been widely used to load metallic and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) to minimize their surface energy during processing and preparation, hence reducing their aggregation. 2011; Akhavan 2012). In this study, Paeonia ostii was exposed to GO under drought stress. Since the first isolation in 2004, 1 graphene and its derivatives have brought tremendous improvement and development in diverse fields, such as nanoelectronics, Graphene oxide (orange) can effectively enter yeast cells and reduce the toxicity of harmful protein aggregates (light grey), by promoting disassembly and then degradation of the Introduction. They all play very important roles in different fields and are widely used. Graphene oxide (GO) is an antimicrobial agent with tunable surface chemistry. , 2013, Liao et al. 201-210. , 2006; Geim and Novoselov, 2009). Therefore, a th With increased interest in the practical use of graphene-based materials, concerns about the remediation of the environmental nanotoxicity of graphene and graphene-related materials have grown. Graphene Is Not a Risk. Our GO has passed tests 2D functional material Graphene oxide (GO) is formed by graphene and is considered one of the most promising nanomaterials for biomedical applications (Bramini et al. Numerous studies have Therefore, graphene toxicity becomes a critical issue to be addressed before their further applications in multiple fields. Graphene and graphene derivatives (e. Although several studies have shown the cytotoxicity of graphene oxide in different cell types, there are no comprehensive studies on human Graphene oxide (GO) features distinctive physical and chemical characteristics; therefore, it has been intensively investigated in environmental remediation as a promising material for clean-up of soil contamination and water purification and used as immobilization material. ) summarizes the progress that has been made in applications of graphene-based nanomaterials (such as plain graphene, graphene oxides, doped graphene oxides, graphene quantums dots) in biosensing, imaging, drug delivery and diagnosis. You can navigate node by node or select one to jump to. However, the role of autophagy and its interactive effect with oxidative response in GO toxicity still remain Graphdiyne (GDY) is a new member of family of carbon-based 2D nanomaterials (NMs), but the environmental toxicity is less investigated compared with other 2D NMs, such Physico-chemical properties based differential toxicity of graphene oxide/reduced graphene oxide in human lung cells mediated through oxidative stress. Initially, 2. However, very little is known about the effects of graphene oxide (GO, a widely used carbon material) at predicted environmental concentrations on biological development or the specific molecular mechanisms. These applications include batteries, super capacitors, drug delivery Graphene oxide (GOs) has emerged in recent years as a versatile nanomaterial, demonstrating tremendous potential for multifunctional biomedical applications. Herckes, P. Introduction. 1007/s11426-012-4620-z [Google Scholar] Boron-doped reduced graphene oxide as an efficient cathode in microbial fuel cells for biological toxicity detection. , 2013a). These conflicting findings on the graphene toxicity toward biofilms suggest that more investigations with different types of microorganisms are necessary to allow a comprehensive understanding of graphene toxicity on biofilms. , graphene oxide (GO), have attracted significant attention for their potential biomedical applications, such as biosensors and delivery carriers of drugs, due to the large specific surface area and versatility of surface functionalization strategies. In this study, we investigated the toxicity of graphene oxide (GO) to white rot fungus (Phanerochaete chrysosporium). Understanding the toxicity of nanomaterials is essential for the safe and sustainable development of new applications. Faruqu, Shengzhang Zhu, Yong-lin Akhavan, O. Hatchability of capsulated and decapsulated cysts, mortality of instar I, II and III larvae, and a number of morphological, ethological and physiological parameters were selected as end-points for toxicity assessment. Toxicity of graphene and graphene oxide nanowalls against bacteria. 2. Pristine graphene or reduced graphene oxide induces a more toxic effect than graphene oxide and higher biocompatibility were shown in GO possessing low oxygen content . [Google Scholar] 61. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is an international organization that has established chemical safety and biosafety tests by which substances can be tested and certified. 8 nm in pure graphene oxide membranes. elegans are still under discussion in the literature (Zhang et al. In vitro explores have indicated Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Toxicity in Mice Is Dependent on Protein Corona Composition and Host Immunity Yue-ting Li,# Kuo-Ching Mei,# Revadee Liam-Or,# Julie Tzu-Wen Wang, Farid N. , 2024) to biomedicine (Govindarajan et al. Westerhoff. 2–4 As an important intermediate product, graphene oxide (GO) could be used to The rapid transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-driven infection signifies an ultimate challenge to global health, and the development of effective strategies for preventing and/or mitigating its effects are of the utmost importance. The prospective use of graphene-based materials in a biological context requires a detailed comprehension of the toxicity of these materials. In the hydrophobic region, the π–π conjugated system on the surface makes it capable of connecting multiple molecules through the non-covalent bond interactions (Karlický et al. However, there are still some toxicity studies that have raised concerns about the biosafety of 1. In comparison, three studies reported lack of graphene 41 (Zhang et al. rGO and GO were firstly characterized and later, cell viability was assessed after exposure to 0 The potential impacts of sulfonated graphene oxide (SGO, modified with the sulfonic group) on metabolic processes and biological pathways are unanswered questions concerning NO3− or NH4+ toxicity. Brodie in 1859, GO is obtained by chemical treatment of graphite flakes using strong oxidizers In general, toxicity of graphene oxide appears concentration-dependent with values that vary from tenths to hundreds of GO \(\upmu \) g/mL [8, 11, 45]. Environmental Pollution. It has been observed that superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels Overall, acute inhalation of highly purified and thin nanometre-sized graphene oxide nanosheets was not associated with overt detrimental effects in healthy humans. et al. 2013. GO can result in acute inflammation response and chronic injury by interfering with the normal physiological functions of important organs [32, 81]. Due to the success of GO materials, the development of novel carbon-based 2D NMs has gained extensive research Recently, single sheets of graphene have been characterized as the thinnest two-dimensional material, with the basic structural unit of a benzene ring (Ferrari et al. Water permeation through graphene oxide thin films utilizes the unoxidized regions within GO sheets, exhibiting phenomena of anisotropic water transport. Literature Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. rjkq wvlszuy knncrer fwll qqtcv kjej ywvo ybsp cmgoqje sumvrq